In vitro antioxidant capacity of tomato products: Relationships with their lycopene, phytoene, phytofluene and alpha-tocopherol contents, evaluation of interactions and correlation with reflectance measurements

Tomato products were analysed for their carotenoids and a-tocopherol contents to study the contribution of individual compounds to the antioxidant capacity and assess the existence of interactions. Besides, the applicability of reflectance measurements for the estimation of the Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity (TEAC) was explored. Statistically significant regression coefficients were found between TEAC values and carotenoids and a-tocopherol levels. Lycopene seemed to have the highest contribution, followed by phytofluene. The results showed that the antioxidant capacity of phytofluene warrants further investigation. It was observed that there can be interactions between lycopene and atocopherol, although just the lycopene/a-tocopherol ratio cannot be used to predict the kind of interaction. More knowledge of these interactions would supply new tools for the industry to develop more optimized ingredients. Finally, the lycopene levels and TEAC values can be estimated by considering reflectance readings at certain wavelengths, which is important for field and quality control application

Internal preference mapping of milk–fruit beverages: Influence of color and appearance on its acceptability

The individual preferences of 100 consumers between 20 and 30 years old for the color of 16 milk–fruit juice beverages (MFJB) were investigated by preference mapping technique. Consumers were asked to evaluate, just by looking at the samples, how much they liked them (from “Extremely dislike” to “Extremely like”). The color of the samples was analyzed by two different instrumental techniques. Results obtained from the instrumental color measurement showed the wide diversity in hues of the beverages available in the market, and correlations between techniques proved that both of them were appropriate to analyze color. Results showed that participants preferred samples with orangish appearance instead of those with a whiter look. Anyway, punctuations given by the consumers suggest that generally, color of these products is not highly evaluated by consumers, as the best mean punctuation was 6.6.Consejería de Innovación Ciencia y Empresa, Junta de Andalucía P11-AGR-778

In vitro biological activities of fruits and leaves of elaeagnus multiflora thunb. And their isoprenoids and polyphenolics profile

The objective of this study was in-depth identification of carotenoids and polyphenolic compounds in leaves and fruits of Elaeagnus multiflora Thunb. An additional aim was to assay their antioxidant and in vitro biological activities (the ability to inhibit pancreatic lipase, α-amylase, and α-glucosidase activity) of two cultivars: ‘Sweet Scarlet’ and ‘Jahidka’. Study results showed the presence of 70 bioactive compounds, including 20 isoprenoids and 50 polyphenols. The profile of identified bioactive compounds had not been examined in this respect until now. The total carotenoid, chlorophyll, and polyphenol levels and antioxidant activity of the foliar samples were virtually identical in both cultivars and clearly higher relative to those in the fruits. On the other hand, the ability to inhibit pancreatic lipase, α-amylase, and α-glucosidase activity of the fruits was clearly higher as compared to the leaves. The highest amount of phenolic acids, flavonols, and polymeric procyanidins was in the ‘Sweet Scarlet’ for fruit and leaves, while the highest amount of chlorophylls and carotenoids was in the ‘Jahidka’. The inhibition of α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and pancreatic lipase activities appeared to be better correlated with the carotenoid content, which warrants further studies of the possible anti-diabetic and anti-obesity actions of the major carotenoids found in the fruits (lycopene, phytoene, and lutein). In addition, strong correlation between antioxidant activity and phenols of E. multiflora Thunb. components can be effective in removing reactive oxygen species. The results of our study show that both the fruits and leaves of E. multiflora Thunb. can be important for health promotion through the diet and for innovating in the industry of functional food and (nutri)cosmetics. View Full-Text.National Science Centre, Poland DEC-2019/03/X/NZ9/0089

Biological Active Ecuadorian Mango ‘Tommy Atkins’ Ingredients—An Opportunity to Reduce Agrowaste

Mango is a commercially important tropical fruit. During its processing, peel and seed kernel are discarded as waste but they could be recovered as an excellent and cost-effective source of health-promoting ingredients. This study aimed to characterize some of them, including carotenoids like the provitamin A β-carotene and lutein, with an interest beyond its role in eye health. Other health-promoting compounds like tocopherols and polyphenols were also evaluated, as well as the in vitro antioxidant capacity of mango by-products. Regarding isoprenoids, α-tocopherol was mainly found in the peels and carotenoids concentration was higher in the pulps. β-carotene was the most abundant carotene in pulp and seed kernel, whereas peel was the only source of lutein, with violaxanthin the most abundant xanthophyll in the different mango organs tested. With regard to polyphenols, peels exhibited greater variability in its phenolic composition, being the total content up to 85 and 10 times higher than the pulp and seed kernels, respectively. On the other hand, peels also stood out for being a very rich source of mangiferin. Seed kernels and peels showed higher antioxidant capacity values than the pulps. These results contribute to the valorization of mango by-products as new natural ingredients for the pharma and food industries.España, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad COOPB20125Ecuador, Escuela Politécnica Nacional PIS 12-21 and PIMI 14-14Secretaría General Iberoamericana, 112RT0460-CORNUCOPIA, 112RT0445-IBERCAROTEcuador, Secretaría de Educación Superior, Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación PROMETEO-CEB-018-201

Estudio preliminar sobre la utilidad del color para clasificar los zumos de naranja según su elaboración

En este trabajo se caracteriza el color de los zumos de naranja comerciales y se explora la utilidad de las coordenadas cromáticas CIELAB para clasificarlos según el proceso de elaboración. 41 muestras de zumos comerciales 15 de ellos procedentes de zumo a base de concentrado (ZC) y 26 procedentes de naranjas exprimidas (ZE) fueron analizadas por espectrorradiometría. Se observaron diferencias significativas en todos los parámetros colorimétricos (p<0, 05) excepto para la coordenada L*. Los zumos procedentes de concentrado (ZC) presentaron un valor medio de croma de 63, 78±2, 36 y de tono 83, 42±2, 10, mientras que los zumos procedentes de naranjas exprimidas (ZE) presentaron mayores valores de croma (C* ab=73, 11±2, 62) y menores de tono (hab=80, 87º±1, 68º). Con el objetivo de determinar qué variables permiten clasificar los zumos según su proceso de fabricación, se realizó un análisis discriminante. Las mejores predicciones se obtuvieron para los modelos que incluían las variables L* y C* ab. La aplicación de las funciones discriminantes obtenidas a un set de 25 muestras de test, produjo un porcentaje de acierto del 100%.In this study the colour of commercial orange juices has been characterized and the utility of CIELAB colour coordinates to classify them according to their processing has been investigated. 41 samples of commercial orange juices, 15 from concentrate (ZC) and 26 from squeezed oranges (ZE) were analyzed by spectroradiometry. Significant differences were obtained in all colorimetric parameters (p<0.05) except for the coordinate L* . Juices made from concentrate (ZC) showed an average value for chrome of 63.7±2.36 and for hue 83.42±2.10, while squeezed orange juices (ZE) showed higher chrome values (C* ab=73.11±2.62) and lower hue values (hab=80.87º±1.68º). Discriminant analysis was performed with the aim of selecting the variables which allows the classification of the juices according to their manufacturing process. The best predictions were obtained for the models which included L* and C* ab variables. The application of the discriminant functions to a set of 25 juices, resulted in a 100% of correct classifications.Junta de Andalucía P08-AGR-0378

Effect of regulated deficit irrigation on commercial quality parameters, carotenoids, phenolics and sugars of the black cherry tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) ʽSunchocolaʼ

In this preliminary study, the effect of regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) on the commercial quality (size, weight, soluble solids, firmness and colour), content of carotenoids, phenolics and sugars of black tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) ʽSunchocolaʼ was studied. Two water irrigation treatments were applied: regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) and control with 82,7 and 398 mm of water supplied, respectively. Tomato of the first cluster harvested at three stages of maturity were studied. The size and weight of the tomato did not present significant differences regarding the RDI and maturity. In both groups the concentration of carotenoids and phenolics increased with the degree of maturity (on average 57 % and 8 % respectively). On the other hand, in most cases, the content of carotenoids, phenolics and sugars showed significant differences between irrigation treatments (p < 0.1). In conclusion, with the application of the RDI, it was possible to maintain the size and weight and increase the carotenoid levels of the fruits.Secretaría Nacional de Educación Superior, Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovacion (SENESCYT)Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad AGL2012-37610Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad BIO2015-71703- RED

Antioxidants (carotenoids and phenolics) profile of cherry tomatoes as influenced by deficit irrigation, ripening and cluster

The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between the effect of regulated deficit irrigation, cluster, developmental stages and two seasons (autumn 2015 and spring 2016) on the commercial and functional quality (carotenoids and plenolics levels) in ‘Lazarino’ and 'summerbrix’ tomatoes. Autumn had a positive effect on the commercial quality, with larger fruits (22% in 'summerbrix’; 26% in ‘Lazarino’) and higher soluble solids (16% in 'summerbrix’; 12% in ‘Lazarino’). Total carotenoids did not change significantly with irrigation and variety while total phenolics did with the cluster and season. In most cases, the main amounts of carotenoids and phenolic were found in the higher cluster and carotenoids in ripe fruit. Thus, irrigation of such varieties could be reduced drastically (ca. 80%) without affecting considerably the overall quality of their fruits (changes not greater than 30%).Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad AGL2012-37610, BIO2015-71703-RED

Utilidad del color para clasificar los zumos de naranja según su elaboración

En este trabajo se caracteriza el color de los zumos de naranja comerciales y se explora la utilidad de las coordenadas cromáticas para diferenciarlos según su proceso de elaboración. Se concluye que es posible la discriminación de los zumos elaborados a base de concentrado de los procedentes de naranjas exprimidas, a partir de los parámetros L* y C*ab.Consejería de Innovación, Ciencia y Empresa (Junta de Andalucía): proyecto P08- AGR-0378